This can provide some solutions for clinical requirements, such as the imaging requirement of perfect superimposition for posterior condyles of the femoral epiphysis and the position requirement of weight-bearing for patients.
In the future, potential deviations in the sample cohort can be reduced with an increased sample size. This will also provide a more accurate representation of the efficacy of the optimized position.
In conclusion, the optimization of the knee-joint lateral radiography position provides orthopedic doctors and their patients with a better and more practical postural technique. These findings also provide innovative guidance regarding the improvement in techniques related to the radiography position of human joints and introduces a novel direction for the application of CT image post-processing techniques.
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Radiol Pract. Dang LR. New method of radiography of degenerative diseases in patellofemoral joint. The opposite limb is extended and placed behind the knee being examined. Position of part The detector is placed under the knee.
The epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR. The patella is perpendicular to the plane of the IR. For new or unhealed patellar fractures, the knee should not be flexed more than 10 degrees check with your medical director.
Knee flexion of 20 to 30 degrees is otherwise preferred — this position relaxes the muscles and shows maximum volume of the joint cavity. Central ray Directed 5 to 7 degrees cephalad to the knee joint 1 inch 2. Slight angulation of the CR will prevent the joint space from being obscured by a magnified image of the medial femoral condyle.
Thank you for updating your details. Log In. Sign Up. Become a Gold Supporter and see no ads. Log in Sign up. Articles Cases Courses Quiz. About Recent Edits Go ad-free. Edit article. View revision history Report problem with Article. Citation, DOI and article data. Murphy, A. Knee horizontal beam lateral view. The use of multidetector computed tomography MDCT is useful in the search of undisplaced fractures and is now an integral in the evaluation of traumatized knees, especially in the depiction of complex fracture anatomy.
MDCT provides fast-volume imaging, multiplanar reconstructions MPRs with near isotropic viewing, threedimensional 3-D images, and thick-slice wedge MPRs, which offer surgeons a detailed road map for preoperative planning. Computed tomography CT has also allowed for grading of trauma in knees especially in tibial plateau type fractures Schatzker classification , permitting patients to be managed more effectively. In children, particularly, pain caused by an abnormality of the hip may be referred to the knee.
It is important that the hip be specifically examined when a child complains of knee pain that seems to be disproportionate to the clinical and radiographic evaluation of the knee or if a young child refuses to bear weight on one leg.
In adults, a nontraumatic swollen, hot, tender knee should prompt consideration of bacterial pyarthrosis. The Femur The distal femur is composed of two bulbous bony projections: The medial and lateral femoral condyles. On the sagittal projection or lateral radiograph, the medial condyle can be discerned from the lateral condyle by its morphology Figs. Both femoral condyles contain condylopatellar sulci, minor indentations that divide the condyles in a sagittal oblique plane.
The medial condylopatellar sulcus divides the condyle into an anterior one-third and a posterior twothird segment. The lateral condylopatellar sulcus divides the condyle into two approximate halves. Aside from these minor indentations, the condyles should be smooth. TABLE The knee is probably more commonly injured than any other joint of the body and is the most vulnerable joint from the standpoint of athletic injury.
Key radiologic anatomy pertinent to interpretation of trauma radiographs is summarized in the next paragraphs. The distal femur is composed of two bulbous bony projections: The medial and lateral femoral condyles. Figure Recognizing the structures of the knee on the lateral radiographic view. A magnified lateral view of the knee. The yellow dotted line outlines the larger, more convex medial femoral condyle. The medial condylopatellar sulcus is denoted by the yellow arrowhead.
The blue dotted line outlines the lateral femoral condyle. The lateral condylopatellar sulcus is denoted by the blue arrowhead. The medial and lateral condyles are separated inferiorly by the intercondylar notch Figs. On the lateral projection, the medial tibial plateau is concave medially with a pointed dorsal corner Fig. The lateral tibial plateau is relatively flat with a rounded dorsal corner. Disruption to these contours should raise the suspicion for a fracture.
The medial and lateral tibial plateaus are separated by an intercondylar eminence Fig. The intercondylar eminence is devoid of cartilage and mainly serves as a footprint for ligamentous attachments.
It is a triangular area with a base anteriorly and an apex posteriorly. The anterior intercondylar eminence serves as the root attachments for the anterior medial and lateral menisci and footprint for the anterior cruciate ligament ACL.
The posterior intercondylar eminence functions as root attachments for the posterior medial and lateral menisci and the footprint for the posterior cruciate ligament PCL. The medial tibial spine is more anterior than its lateral counterpart and can be discerned on the lateral radiograph. A magnified view of the lateral radiograph of the knee.
The purple dotted line denotes the lateral tibial spine, the blue dotted line denotes the lateral tibial condyle, and the yellow dotted line denotes the medial tibial plateau.
The ACL inserts between the medial and lateral tibial spines, 10 to 14 mm behind the anterior border of the tibia Fig. Presence of an anteriorly placed bony fragment in the intercondylar notch is suspicious for distal ACL avulsion Fig.
The PCL attaches in a depression between the two tibial plateaus dorsally. Focal discontinuity of the posterior tibial plateau articular surface should suggest distal PCL avulsion Fig. The anterior tibial tubercle is a bony protuberance located on the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia.
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