After several years of private investment activity, the States General the governing body of the Netherlands created the West India Company WIC in , a state-sponsored monopoly that limited private entrepreneurship and held broad powers over a wide geographic area that included possessions in North and South America, and the West Indies. At the same time, a lively trade in foodstuffs and slaves developed between New Amsterdam and the West Indies. The new Court of Burgomasters and Schepens, the governing body of the chartered city of New Amsterdam provided the necessary order and stability to support the continued growth of international commerce.
By the late s, New Amsterdam experienced a commercial and population boom. The so-called English conquest in did little to change local government or the commerce on which the New Amsterdam, now New York City, was based. The Dutch economy was good and therefore very few people chose to immigrate. Thus, the number of inhabitants grew quite slowly. In , the Dutch government tried to spurn settlement by giving patroons wealthy settlers large areas of land if they brought immigrants to the area within three years.
While some decided to take advantage of the offer, only Kiliaen van Rensselaer followed through. While the Dutch did not immigrate in large numbers to New Amsterdam, those who did immigrate were typically members of displaced groups like French Protestants , Jews, and Germans which resulted in quite a heterogeneous population.
Because of the lack of immigration, the settlers in New Amsterdam relied on the labor of enslaved people more than any other colony at the time. In fact, by about one-third of New Amsterdam was made up of Africans.
However, the way that the Dutch dealt with enslaved people was quite different from that of the English colonists. They were allowed to learn to read, be baptized, and get married in the Dutch Reformed Church. In some instances, they would allow enslaved people to earn wages and own property.
About one-fifth of the enslaved people were "free" by the time New Amsterdam was taken by the English. He worked to make the settlement better organized. In , settlers were finally given the right to form a city government. In August , four English warships arrived in the New Amsterdam harbor to take over the town. Because many of the inhabitants were not actually Dutch, when the English promised to allow them to keep their commercial rights, they surrendered without a fight.
The English renamed the town New York. The English held New York until the Dutch recaptured it in However, this was short-lived as they ceded it back to the English by treaty in From that point on it remained in the hands of the English. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Carved from a single block of white Italian Carrara marble that had been The German armies were later joined by Finnish forces that advanced against Leningrad down the Karelian Isthmus.
The siege of Leningrad, also known as In a controversial executive action, President Gerald Ford pardons his disgraced predecessor Richard M. Nixon for any crimes he may have committed or participated in while in office.
Ford later defended this action before the House Judiciary Committee, explaining that he wanted Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. On September 8, , Gen. Dwight Eisenhower publicly announces the surrender of Italy to the Allies. With Mussolini deposed from power and the earlier collapse of the fascist government in July, Gen.
Having been directed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to put together an alliance to contain any communist aggression in the free territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, or Southeast Asia in general, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles forges an agreement establishing a A huge success, her daytime television talk show turns Winfrey into one of the most powerful, wealthy people in show business and, arguably, one of the most influential women in America.
One of the deadliest hurricanes in U. The storm caused so much destruction on the Texas coast that reliable estimates of the number of victims are difficult to make.
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